In the rugged terrain of a conflict zone, a covert military mission is underway. Suddenly, the faint buzz of a drone cuts through the air. In the past, this sound might have spelled disaster for the special forces team. But today, they are prepared. A soldier operates the compact, backpack-mounted counter-unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) which is already deployed on his back. Within seconds, the threat is mitigated, and the operation can continue uninterrupted.
This scenario illustrates a growing challenge in modern security operations: rogue drones pose an increasing risk in sensitive and hard-to-reach locations. From covert surveillance to payload delivery, malicious actors can leverage drones to threaten military operations, law enforcement activities, and critical infrastructure – even in the most challenging terrains.
Traditional counter-drone systems may rely on fixed installations or vehicle-mounted units, leaving a critical gap in protection for personnel operating in complex, hard-to-access environments. Some settings can’t even accommodate a tactical tripod. Security teams need a highly portable, powerful solution that provides full control. The ability to detect, locate, identify, and safely mitigate drone threats is essential, but existing options are often too bulky or complex for rapid deployment in rugged conditions.
Drone threats can emerge anywhere, from dense urban centers to remote wilderness. Unauthorized or malicious drone activity can threaten various environments, disrupt public events, and pose risks to national security. Security professionals need the ability to counter these threats, no matter how challenging the terrain. This is where backpack-deployable C-UAS technology comes into play.
These ultra-portable systems serve as a critical lifeline in scenarios where traditional configurations of C-UAS solutions simply can’t go. Conventional counter-drone measures may be bulky, infrastructure-dependent, and limited in their deployment, making them unsuitable for many challenging environments. This gap has given rise to a new breed of C-UAS solutions designed specifically for backpack deployment.
Carried and operated by a single person, this comprehensive counter-drone defense opens up new possibilities for security in hard-to-reach areas. It can be brought anywhere and used to detect, identify, track, and mitigate threats from inside a backpack.
This blog explores ultra-portable counter-unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) configurations designed for backpack deployment, addressing a critical need in modern security operations across military, law enforcement, and other security sectors.
By discussing the technological advancements enabling these portable systems and their potential impact on security strategies, this article provides insights for security professionals, policymakers, and technology enthusiasts. Consider the broader implications of this technology for airspace management, and the future of counter-drone defense in an increasingly complex aerial landscape.
While their compact nature is a clear advantage, backpack C-UAS solutions offer unique portability benefits that enhance mission efficiency:
Urban Tactical Response
In a densely populated city, a dangerous incident unfolds. As law enforcement establishes a perimeter, they’re concerned about potential drone surveillance from perpetrators or interference from civilian drones. A tactical team quickly deploys a backpack C-UAS unit around the site, ensuring a drone-free zone for their operation without the need for large, conspicuous equipment that could escalate tensions.
Border Patrol in Rugged Terrain
Along a vast, mountainous, or desert border, patrol units face the challenge of detecting and intercepting drug-smuggling drones. Equipped with backpack C-UAS, these units can now carry advanced drone detection and mitigation capabilities on foot patrols through areas inaccessible to vehicles, significantly enhancing their ability to secure the border.
VIP Protection on the Move
A high-profile political or religious leader is addressing large outdoor gatherings at multiple sites. The security detail, mindful of the potential for drone-based threats, can deploy backpack C-UAS as part of their mobile protection strategy. This creates temporary protected zones at each stop, protecting the VP from aerial threats and safeguarding the crowd.
As drone technology continues to advance, so does the need for flexible and adaptable counter-drone solutions. Ultra-portable C-UAS represents a significant step forward in addressing the challenges posed by drones in hard-to-reach terrains. They empower security professionals to protect people, assets, and sensitive information in scenarios that were previously vulnerable to aerial threats.
The development of these systems isn’t just about countering current threats; it’s about anticipating future challenges. As drones become smaller, more autonomous, and more capable, having a portable, powerful defense will be crucial for security operations across all sectors.
Backpack-deployable C-UAS solutions are more than just a technological achievement—they represent a paradigm shift counter-drone defense offering advanced protection to the most challenging environments and opening up new possibilities for safeguarding in an increasingly complex aerial landscape.
I invite you to check out an earlier post from one of my colleagues about implementing C-UAS in urban environments, which presents other unique hurdles. Check out that post to learn how to overcome these challenges & deploy C-UAS effectively in urban environments.
In a recent episode of the Irregular Warfare Initiative (IWI) podcast, titled “Drones Are Here to Stay: The Proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Systems Across the Spectrum of War,” experts explore the profound impact of drone technology on modern warfare, emphasizing the pressing need for advanced counter-drone strategies.
Colonel Bill Edwards reviews the five levels of drone categorization illustrating the extensive and varied capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) technology, ranging from simple reconnaissance to sophisticated weapon delivery. Dr. Kerry Chávez’s point about the “democratization of air power” highlights a concern we share at D-Fend: affordable, commercially available drones empower non-state actors, posing significant threats. At the same time, drones will need to play a beneficial role in society.
Drones used by malicious actors, as Dr. Chávez highlights, are “flexible and effective” for various missions, allowing them to bypass traditional defenses. They can gather intelligence, conduct attacks, and endanger lives. This is why D-Fend Solutions is committed to pioneering adaptable, future-proof counter-drone solutions, providing robust defense mechanisms against the escalating threats posed by rogue drones.
The podcast explores drone use in recent conflicts. For example, Hamas has repurposed commercially available drones to launch attacks on Israel’s Gaza border fence, highlighting the severe damage that such accessible technology can inflict in asymmetric warfare. Similarly, both Ukrainian and Russian forces utilized commercial drones for targeted attacks, underlining their effectiveness in modern combat. This trend underscores the versatility and impact of commercial drones in contemporary warfare.
Also discussed in the podcast is the need for economic considerations to drive the development of cost-effective counter-drone technology. Dr. Chávez describes the need for a “renaissance in cheap countermeasures.” She points out the necessity of tailored countermeasures for different environments. “We need solutions that are adaptable to urban environments and mobile solutions that can be deployed quickly and effectively,” she states.
In a related point, the DoD has expressed the need for increased magazine depth for counter-UAS solutions. D-Fend Solutions RF-cyber mitigation technique can be a key contributor to affordability in this regard with its ability to mitigate drones in a non-jamming, non-kinetic manner.
Despite the technical nature of the challenge, the podcast reinforces the critical role of human creativity in developing counter-drone solutions. This underscores the need for a culture of innovation and adaptability in the counter-drone field. D-Fend embodies this philosophy. Our EnforceAir system, unlike traditional jamming or kinetic solutions, utilizes software-driven RF-Cyber technology. This technology allows us to safely take control of rogue drones and land them in designated zones. This innovative approach directly addresses Dr. Chávez’s call for adaptable and non-disruptive countermeasures.
The IWI podcast’s emphasis on the need for continuous innovation and adaptation in counter-drone technology reflects the rapidly evolving nature of the drone threat landscape. This call for ongoing development aligns with the efforts of various organizations working to address the challenges posed by emerging aerial threats.
Future-Proofing Counter-Drone Strategies:
To effectively counter evolving drone threats, several key areas will require focus::
Adaptive Technologies: Counter-drone solutions must be flexible to address new drone capabilities as they emerge. Systems like D-Fend’s EnforceAir, which utilizes software-driven RF cyber-based technology, exemplify this adaptability.
AI-Enhanced Mitigation: Incorporating AI and machine learning into counter-drone systems will enhance their mitigation capabilities, enabling them to efficiently recommend appropriate drone mitigation options for each unique threat scenario.
Multi-Layered Approach: Future counter-drone systems will likely combine various methods to create a comprehensive threat detection network. This multi-layered approach will enhance accuracy and provide a more robust defense against diverse drone threats in various environments.
Regulatory Framework Development: As counter-drone technologies advance, regulations should adapt to ensure responsible use, foster innovation, and avoid collateral damage and airspace disruption.
By focusing on these areas and prioritizing innovative, adaptable counter-drone technologies, we can work towards safeguarding against emerging aerial threats while preserving the beneficial aspects of drone technology in various sectors of society.
The proliferation of commercially available drones, or Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), has significantly changed warfare. These readily available systems pose a serious and present threat to even the most advanced warships, ranging from persistent surveillance to potentially devastating kamikaze attacks. Disruptions caused by drone attacks have a significant impact on global trade routes, causing delays, inflating costs, and impacting insurance rates – ultimately affecting our way of life. This is why robust, multi-layered anti-drone defense systems are essential for modern navies.
Modern naval defense requires a multi-layered approach that integrates several key capabilities:
The drone threat extends across the entire spectrum of naval vessels, making effective anti-drone defense vital for various scenarios:
Naval vessels navigating in littoral zones, chokepoints, or during transit operations face an increased vulnerability to drone attacks due to being restricted in their ability to Maneuver (“RAM”). This restriction stems from adhering to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 (COLREGS), a critical set of rules designed to prevent accidents between vessels in busy maritime traffic areas.
RAM significantly limits a ship’s ability to take evasive actions or quickly adjust its course to engage a detected drone threat. In open waters, a ship might maneuver sharply to throw off a targeting system or position itself for a clear shot with its defensive weaponry. However, COLREGS dictate stricter movement patterns in confined areas or during traffic congestion, hindering these traditional countermeasures. This restricted mobility essentially creates a sitting duck scenario for drone attacks, making effective C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems) technology even more critical during these vulnerable operations.
EnforceAir delivers a comprehensive RF Cyber C-UAS solution that supports naval environments. Its core strengths lie in:
EnforceAir prioritizes user-friendliness:
EnforceAir adheres to stringent military standards (MIL-STD) for effective performance in harsh naval environments. Additionally, CE radio certification enables interoperability with other onboard systems, fostering a unified defense network.
EnforceAir is a mature solution already deployed on various naval platforms actively safeguarding multiple navies around the world. By integrating the EnforceAir RF Cyber system, alongside traditional systems, navies can establish a comprehensive, multi-layered approach against modern threats.
Request a Demo today and see how EnforceAir can safeguard fleets.
The rapid proliferation of cheap commercial drones, particularly those manufactured by Chinese companies, is creating a significant security challenge for military forces worldwide. These drones are becoming increasingly sophisticated and affordable, making them accessible to non-state actors and potential adversaries. This accessibility fuels a growing concern: the use of such Chinese-manufactured drones in operations specifically targeting US and allied forces.
In this article, we’ll explore the implications of the widespread availability of commercial drones, the specific threats they pose to military security, and the various measures being implemented to mitigate these risks.
The implications of the widespread availability of commercial drones are far-reaching and multifaceted, raising significant national security concerns. This threat became alarmingly apparent through a series of recent incidents at Yokosuka Naval Base in Japan, a critical hub for the US Navy’s Seventh Fleet.
Two concerning drone incidents recently occurred at Yokosuka Naval Base.
May 2024: A drone flew undetected over the USS Ronald Reagan, a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier at the base. The incident, captured on video and shared on social media, exposed a vulnerability at the base and raised serious concerns regarding security at the base. The suspected operator, speculated to be a Chinese national, was never officially identified.
March 2024: A viral video emerged online showing footage of Japan’s largest destroyer, the JS Izumo, docked at Yokosuka, was captured by a drone. This incident highlighted the potential for espionage using readily available drones.
These breaches underscore the potential for espionage and the ease with which hostile actors could exploit commercial drone technology to gather information on critical military infrastructure.
The threat extends far beyond a single base. As highlighted in a recent opinion piece by Senators Jack Reed and Roger Wicker, the US and its allies face a growing vulnerability to low-flying drones.
Senators Reed and Wicker’s report details troubling instances where low-altitude drones have infiltrated airspace:
Domestic Incursions: In the US, drones have disrupted commercial air traffic, crossed borders undetected, and were spotted over sensitive military installations.
Threat to Overseas Forces: US troops abroad are increasingly at risk. During the battle for Mosul, ISIS used commercial drones for offensive purposes, including dropping grenades and other explosives.
The affordability and ease of use of these drones make them particularly concerning, as they democratize access to sophisticated aerial technology that can be exploited for malicious purposes.
For example, Houthi rebels in Yemen have used weaponized drones, most likely with Chinese components, to target Saudi Arabian infrastructure. In 2022, the US Air Force reported encounters with unidentified drones fitting the Chinese-made profile operating near its Pacific region bases. These drones had high-resolution cameras and extended flight times, raising concerns about potential surveillance activities. Similar incidents have been documented by NATO forces in Europe.
The evolving threat necessitates a multi-layered Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS) defense strategy. While traditional kinetic solutions like missiles and net guns may be effective in some situations, they often pose a risk of collateral damage and may not be suitable for all scenarios.
A crucial first line of defense lies in innovative, non-kinetic solutions like RF Cyber C-UAS systems. This technology leverages radio frequency (RF) signals to detect, identify, and neutralize unauthorized commercial drones. By taking control of such hostile drones, RF Cyber C-UAS systems effectively land or reroute them without physical engagement, minimizing risk and ensuring operational continuity. This ability to maintain operational continuity enhances situational awareness, responsiveness, and overall security posture.
The strategic adversarial use of commercial drones, particularly those manufactured by Chinese companies, poses a significant and evolving threat to US and allied forces. The incidents highlighted here, from undetected drone overflights at Yokosuka Naval Base to weaponized drones used by insurgents, underscore the urgent need for robust and sophisticated counter-drone measures.
The growing threat demands a swift and decisive response. Implementing advanced C-UAS systems like RF Cyber C-UAS is essential to protect sensitive military assets and personnel. As the landscape of modern warfare evolves, so must defensive capabilities.
RF Cyber C-UAS systems can evolve in response to emerging commercial drone technologies, tactics, and vulnerabilities, ensuring that defense capabilities remain effective against the latest threats and providing long-term resilience and readiness against evolving adversarial tactics.
Weaponized drones may dominate war zone headlines, but a different aerial threat looms over the American homeland. The increasing availability of cheap, commercially available drones has introduced fresh challenges for the US military in domestic non-conflict zones, traditionally considered safer environments. These sites now face unforeseen dangers as unauthorized drone incidents become increasingly frequent and concerning.
In this context, understanding the multifaceted impact of unauthorized drone activity is crucial, specifically the broader implications for operational security, privacy, and the military’s ability to maintain vigilance in an era of rapidly advancing technology.
The increasing frequency of unauthorized drone incidents at domestic US bases paints a concerning picture for the US military. In February 2024, Air Force jets were forced to take evasive maneuvers to avoid colliding with drones flying in restricted airspace over the Arizona desert (see [Image source for Arizona drone incident]). This incident, fortunately without casualties, highlights the potential danger posed by unauthorized drones to both military aircraft and personnel.
The seriousness of this threat was further emphasized by a January 2023 incident where an F-16 fighter jet collided with a drone in restricted airspace over the Barry M. Goldwater Range in Arizona. Thankfully, again no injuries were reported, however, the collision inflicted damage on the military aircraft, necessitating repairs and temporarily sidelining the jet from service. This incident not only highlights the physical risks to military assets and personnel but also points to the potential financial and operational consequences of such collisions.
These are not isolated incidents. Throughout 2022 and 2023, Air Force pilots reported multiple near misses with drones in various locations across the Arizona desert. These occurrences demonstrate the widespread nature of the problem and emphasize the potential for even more serious accidents if left unaddressed.
The repeated near misses and the incidents of actual collisions underscore the potential for even more grave accidents if proactive measures are not implemented.
Amidst the escalating challenges posed by unauthorized drones, there is a rising unease among defense experts.
A 2022 report by the Director of National Intelligence highlighted the risk from unidentified drones that have been spotted in restricted or sensitive airspace. Such drone incidents raise concerns about potential safety hazards and espionage activities.
Echoing this concern, a 2021 article in Air Force Times quotes a four-star general stating that the proliferation of small, cheap drones is the “most concerning tactical development” for the military since the rise of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Iraq. This highlights the seriousness with which the military views the drone threat.
These incidents of drone activity have a complex and multi-faceted impact on the US military, affecting various aspects of its operations, readiness, and overall security posture:
The rise of drone incidents necessitates a multi-pronged approach to mitigate the risks they present:
By taking proactive steps like utilizing C-UAS solutions, fostering collaboration, and investigating the root causes of unauthorized drone activity, the US military can safeguard its personnel and operations. Contact us to learn more about D-Fend’s proven counter-drone solutions.
When D-Fend announced the launch of EnforceAir2 a few months ago, the many benefits that the new system offers became very clear, including enhanced, expanded and extended C-UAS capabilities. EnforceAir2 brings more power, performance and range, all in a more compact and accessible system.
But while EnforceAir2 extends the features of the original EnforceAir, there is also a brand-new element that was introduced with Enforceair2 that has impressed the D-Fend community: The Backpack Deployment Kit.
The Backpack C-UAS Deployment Kit advances the whole approach to counter-drone security, offering a portable, efficient, and highly versatile option for countering unauthorized drone activities. It is a unique, covert system that provides portable, on-the-move RF cyber detection and mitigation to military, law enforcement, and security agencies.
One of the main advantages of the Backpack is its portability. Security personnel can carry the entire counter-drone system on their backs, allowing for counter-drone operations even in situations or locations where conventional configurations may not reach.
Even though the whole EnforceAir2 solution is inside a regular backpack, it still offers omnidirectional coverage, and up to 2.5 hours of continuous operations per battery (with hot-swap batteries available for long-duration operations, with no downtime). A slim, ergonomic, lightweight system, the backpack is SAR standard compliant.
The backpack is user-friendly, ensuring that security personnel can deploy it efficiently, even in high-pressure situations. It provides full functionality for protection on-the-move, with the optimal balance between portability and performance. It is a covert solution, particularly useful for stealth operations, with concealed antennas and fan-less design. EnforceAir2 man-portable backpack operates in all weather conditions.
In addition, like other deployment kits, the backpack employs a multi-layered approach to counter-drone threats. It combines detection, identification, and mitigation capabilities, ensuring a comprehensive defense against a wide range of unauthorized drones. This holistic approach enhances security by addressing the entire spectrum of potential threats.
The backpack is useful for a range of scenarios such as, for example, public events and gatherings, protecting both VIPs and attendees, or military and special forces, particularly in difficult, hard-to-reach terrains. Homeland security and law enforcement also can benefit from the on-the-move counter-UAS approach as it provides them with increased flexibility in their tasks.
Another important attribute is that the backpack is also part of EnforceAir2 multiuse deployment bundles, which include tactical, vehicular, stationary, and backpack options. As explained in a previous blog, our Multiuse Deployment Bundles lead to easier and more practical transfer and conversion between the different deployments, for seamless operational flexibility (SOF). The bundles provide a more holistic and unified security stance, according to the changeable counter-drone requirements in unpredictable and dynamic environments. The bundles allow easy and quick conversion between deployments using the same core hardware elements. EnforceAir2 deployment bundles enable rapid set-up and transition between the different deployments, which facilitates seamless adaptation according to the evolving operational requirements.
Being able to deliver a brand-new backpack deployment option further fulfills EnforceAir’s control, safety, focus and future-readiness goals, leading to the ultimate objective of on-the-move continuity.
We recently had the opportunity to attend the AUSA 2023 Annual Meeting & Exposition, in Washington, DC. AUSA is an annual gathering that serves as a melting pot of groundbreaking technology and strategic discussions, and a perfect setting to showcase our latest innovations to a military audience. This year’s event was extremely successful, attracting over 30,000 attendees, including high-ranking military officers from the US Army.
The scale and magnitude of the event was truly remarkable. The atmosphere buzzed with the shared objective of ensuring the safety and preparedness of military personnel and the civilians who support them. In the face of real and evolving threats, the event was an excellent environment to discuss innovative counter-drone solutions and strategies going forward.
Counter-unmanned aircraft systems (C-UAS) emerged as a pivotal issue, captivating the interest of many attendees. With the increasing incidence of air attacks from drones to missiles, fortifying defenses against such threats has become a paramount concern for the US Army and global defense powers.
We had the opportunity to present our innovative approach towards C-UAS, with our EnforceAir systems. D-Fend Solutions’ specific focus on non-jamming, non-kinetic, non-radar based, and non-optical solutions, struck a chord with the military personnel who were eager to explore next-generation technologies to mitigate drone threats. Conversations with army officials at the booth shed light on the pressing need for advanced technologies capable of not just detecting drones but also pinpointing pilot locations and executing mitigation.
Multiple EnforceAir deployment kit configurations, including our latest EnforceAir2 systems, were presented in our booth, and at partner stands, including SAIC, ADS, Inc., and Flyer Defense LLC. Our visitors also had the chance to meet *Derek*, our almost-real-life soldier carrying EnforceAir’s covert backpack for C-UAS protection, adding a touch of realism to our demonstration and emphasizing the operational flexibility and ease of use that our technology offers to global military forces.
The AUSA event wasn’t only about showcasing breakthrough technology; we were also able to engage with existing and potential customers and learn more from their perspectives. Interacting with US military personnel, ranging from high-ranking officers to cadets, provided valuable insights into their diverse points of view and a shared enthusiasm for innovation in defense technology.
The event was a hub for the meeting of customers, partners, and industry colleagues, fostering collaborations and discussions that pave the way for future advancements in counter-UAS technology. The collective spirit of progress and dedication to bolstering defense capabilities was palpable throughout the event. Being part of such a monumental event left an indelible mark. The opportunity to contribute and witness the collective efforts aimed at safeguarding our armed forces and civilians was both humbling and empowering.
AUSA remains an essential platform for counter-drone technology, serving as a beacon of innovation and collaboration. The invaluable discussions, innovative exhibits, and collective determination to face future challenges head-on highlight the importance of such gatherings. We remain committed to providing advanced C-UAS defense technology and we look forward to further collaboration. Events like AUSA serve as pivotal gatherings in the ongoing pursuit of safeguarding nations and shaping a secure future. Our commitment to next-generation, first-class anti-drone solutions remains unwavering. We are already anticipating next year’s event!
D-Fend Solutions has recently taken a transformative step, concurrent with the introduction of EnforceAir2, in offering new Multiuse Deployment Bundles. This strategic move leads to easier and more practical transfer and conversion between the different deployments, for seamless operational flexibility (SOF). In addition, it offers maximum effectiveness in the field and broadened counter-drone security.
Each EnforceAir configuration targets a specific security challenge use case. Specifically, EnforceAir originally provided six specific deployments: military vehicle kit, vehicle kit, high-altitude tactical kit, ground-level tactical kit, high-altitude stationary, and long-range directional. The introduction of new bundles combining the different kits makes for a more integrated and flexible approach.
EnforceAir2 still offers each specific deployment kit (tactical, covert vehicle, military vehicle, stationary, and long-range directional) separately, if preferred, but the system now also comes in two bundles:
EnforceAir2 multiuse deployment bundles combine multiple high-performance cyber-C-UAS configurations into a cohesive package. Both bundles include tactical, stationary, man-portable backpack and vehicular deployments to allow organizations to adopt a more holistic and unified security stance for the changing needs of organizations operati
ng in unpredictable and dynamic environments. The bundles allow easy and quick conversion between deployments using the same core hardware elements.
These bundles empower tactical teams to respond quickly and accurately to evolving operational scenarios, maximizing their efficiency in the field.
The concept of SOF extends beyond adaptability. It encompasses a comprehensive approach that acknowledges the diverse missions, use cases, and environments organizations navigate. EnforceAir2 bundles are crafted to surmount deployment challenges associated with diverse scenarios, ensuring cyber-C-UAS measures remain robust irrespective of the specific context.
EnforceAir2 deployment bundles enable rapid set-up and transition between the different deployments, which facilitates seamless adaptation according to the evolving operational requirements. In addition, as they are designed to be portable and efficient, the bundles offer a compact, lightweight, small form factor without compromising powerful capabilities. With user-friendly features, the bundles can be quickly set up with simple handling.
D-Fend Solutions’ introduction of EnforceAir2 bundles heralds a revolutionary shift in the landscape. It reflects a deep understanding of the challenges faced by organizations in today’s complex and ever-changing threat environment. These bundles are more than products—they are strategic enablers for organizations seeking to excel in the counter-drone safety and security arena.
As cyber threats continue to evolve, EnforceAir2 multiuse deployment bundles reflect a proactive and adaptive approach to C-UAS. By providing a comprehensive and integrated RF-cyber solution, EnforceAir empowers organizations to not only defend against existing threats but also to anticipate and mitigate future challenges. The evolution of drone threats demands a more comprehensive and strategic approach, where adaptability and flexibility are the cornerstones of success in the ever-changing drone landscape.
Last month, I had the pleasure of attending the IDGA Counter-UAS USA Summit in Alexandria, VA. The event featured many impressive speakers, including US Army officers and government officials. I was honored to be invited to participate in the Department of Defense (DoD) and Industry Panel discussion about capability gaps and future requirements.
The panel included impressive experts in the field, and I had the opportunity to discuss critical issues such as how to improve the effectiveness of counter-UAS detection and mitigation solutions, and how we can address current and future C-UAS requirements to address the increasing threat from hostile drones. As IDGA highlighted on the event website, the “rapid proliferation of UAS has been one of the most unsettling tactical advancements on the battlefield in recent years.” 
There were great and relevant questions during our panel as well as throughout the conference, and I had the opportunity to share my views on how to address these challenges and learn more about the situation from the speakers, my co-panelists and attendees. Let’s dig into some of the most relevant topics we discussed throughout the two-day event:
Military forces have understood for some time now the gravity of the asymmetrical drone threat. Terrorist groups have long been using commercial drones that could be easily obtained online. Explosive devices may be attached to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), transforming drones into remotely piloted bombs. Many commentators have correctly characterized these adapted commercial drones as “the new flying IEDs.” A few hundred dollars of electronics and a commercial drone can directly impact a million-dollar piece of military equipment, not to mention the risk to life.
Over the years, the situation has worsened, as commercial (off-the-shelf or adapted) and do-it-yourself (built from off-the-shelf components) drones continue to be employed in asymmetrical warfare against conventional forces. Drone threats to military units go beyond terror attacks, as they are also used to collect intelligence on troop movements, formations, and bases.
One drawback in countering the asymmetrical drone threat is that kinetic or jamming solutions preclude obtaining intelligence from captured drones. “Unmasking” is also a risk with some C-UAS technologies, and jamming may also disrupt critical communications. These are some of the factors that are making military units look at new generation technologies that can deal with the asymmetric threat created by commercially-based drones, such as RF Cyber-takeover, as a key part of their C-UAS arsenal.
A more robust, layered defense concept for C-UAS is key to strengthening the homeland’s ability to defeat multi-faceted threats from rogue drones. With cross-agency and industry cooperation towards such a layered defense approach, more robust protection will arise, as different but complementary technologies can work together to provide a broader and deeper defense to deal with multiple vector threats.
A cyber-centric approach as the core component in a multiple technology counter-drone defense brings unique advantages including fuller control and safety, the possibility of capturing the drone, and associated intelligence, and the preservation of continuity. Cyber technology can complement traditional C-UAS technologies, including radar for detection, and jamming or kinetic for mitigation as they too will play a role in a multi-layered defense strategy with a single, integrated view. Such a simplified, synergistic approach provides expanded security capabilities for C-UAS solutions, leading to optimized airspace protection, and addressing a wider range of drone threats. Multiple detection and mitigation options provide an in-depth defense mechanism, which can be activated according to situation and security considerations. A layered, less disruptive, more advanced technological approach provides a broad spectrum of options for military, law enforcement, and infrastructure protection, even as the lethality and variety of drones continue to evolve.
Drone threats will always vary significantly by mission, use case and environment, so forces and organizations must carefully evaluate their specific needs. In many cases, it’s best to preserve flexibility and agility since the drone threat can be unpredictable.
Systems must offer multiple deployment options, gaining optimized coverage for a wide variety of scenarios, conditions, and terrain types. Cyber solutions, for example, can be affixed to vehicles or ships, covertly, if necessary, set up as stationary on low or high ground, or taken into the field for tactical use. Hardware should be lightweight and compact, with the ability to rapidly take it apart, move and reassemble it in minutes.
Focusing on safety, control, and continuity, with an innovative and flexible approach towards continuously advancing our counter-UAS solutions, enables us to always stay a drone threat ahead.
Last week, I joined some of my colleagues at D-Fend Solutions and attended the Special Operations Forces Industry Conference – SOFIC. It counts as one of the most noteworthy events in the US addressing the needs and interests of the Special Operations Forces community. As someone who dedicated most of my professional life to defense and security, I’ve attended seven out of the last nine SOFIC events, and I must say, this year was definitely a “one-for-the-books” experience.
As their website correctly points out, SOFIC “is the single most important opportunity for the SOF community to interact with industry and collaborate on the challenges, initiatives, and way-ahead in delivering the most cutting-edge capabilities into the hands of SOF operators.” This year, every square inch of floor space was occupied with OEM vendors. The place was crowded throughout the day, particularly during peak hours, and the noise from exchanging information around was constant and hard to talk over.
And yet, I wouldn’t miss it for the world.
SOFIC provided us with the opportunity to discuss today’s challenges with rogue and nefarious drones, and how a next-gen, cyber-RF solution can address these threats in an optimal way, while ensuring continuity, a key element for communications, transportation, commerce and everyday life. During the event, we had the opportunity to present our EnforceAir solution at three separate booths.
We had significant engagements with notable visitors at all three booths, from the US government and other units, and several leaders from the special operations community.
As we are getting over the Covid restrictions, we are looking forward to attending more events throughout the year. I urge you to join us and learn how our counter-drone solution is the ultimate answer to safer airspace.
Drone tracking methods and the associated technology are constantly evolving, but there is an important capability that many security teams are currently overlooking…
Drone detection apps have popped up in recent years. Most of these are simple user interfaces that integrate wit
h radars, radio frequency systems, or Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS–B).
One notable exception is AirMap, an aeronautical data & services provider that enables app users to “view publicly-shared flights happening around the world.” This can be helpful, but what about rogue drones that are not reported/publicly shared?
Radars have been a traditional favorite of security teams, but a DroneDJ article correctly notes that many radar systems possess limitations, making it difficult for organizations to effectively monitor urban or sensitive environments:
“Radar is best used in open areas as trees and other ground objects can show up on the radar, creating false readings. Many radar systems today have a vertical detection range of about 10 to 30 degrees, which is not enough when trying to detect drones flying at all sorts of heights.”
D-Fend Solutions’ white note, “Drone Detection Technologies: Traditional vs. RF Cyber,” highlights the advantages and limitations of other traditional drone tracking technologies, such as electro-optical, directional finders and acoustic.
Radio frequency (RF)-based, cyber-takeover solutions track the communication signals used by commercial drones, without false positives or the need for line of sight. It is then possible to determine the type of drone and its position with GPS accuracy. This includes the take-off position near the pilot in real-time.
This often-overlooked feature, which is NOT available via many of the traditional drone tracking solutions, is a must-have.
For instance, for military forces engaged in constant asymmetrical warfare with terror groups, merely detecting rogue drones, and even mitigating them, is not enough. Terrorists can easily order another cheap commercial drone to replace the one that was lost. Stopping this potentially deadly cycle requires quickly discovering the location of the terror cell(s) launching the drones.
Border guards and prison personnel face unending smuggling attempts via drone. Tracking and then mitigating these drones is crucial for preventing dangerous contraband from entering, but if the pilots are not located, attempts will continue.
Security personnel evaluating C-sUAS systems should carefully consider the pros and cons of the different types of drone tracking systems and ensure that their eventual pick offers geolocation of the drone pilot.
Read more:
– EnforceAir, a counter-drone system
Many of the traditional counter-small, unmanned aerial systems (C-sUASs) were designed for the battlefield. It seemed natural for military personnel to counter drones with kinetic force or high-power jammers.
Fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan began to shift the paradigm. Back in 2016, the Islamic State terrorist group (“ISIS”) was already using commercial drones that could be easily purchased online. ISIS attached small explosive devices to unmanned aerial systems (UASs), transforming drones into remotely piloted bombs.
The fighting and rogue drone deployment often took place in urban environments, where traditional counter-drone solutions are much less effective. Sensitive environments require a surgical and innovative anti-drone defence system that can cope with detection challenges around tall buildings and other objects, and surrounding RF noise.
This approach should prevent potential collateral damage associated with kinetic solutions, without disrupting adjacent communication signals with jammers, whilst distinguishing between authorised and adversarial drones.
Increasingly, military units are moving away from traditional jammer-based or kinetic counter-drone solutions, as they recognise the potential for military units to encounter drones in unfamiliar scenarios that are different from the urban battlefield.
Military Aid to Civil Authorities (MACA) means that UK military personnel could for instance be deployed to help police or to protect huge gatherings at large venues, etc. The UK Ministry of Defence explained MACA in a medium.com article:
“Military Aid to Civil Authorities aka MACA, is the help and support provided by th
e Armed Forces to authorities in the UK, like the Police, NHS or local authorities. The government can call on the military to assist at times of need, to share the burden on civil organisations.
MACA may include assisting other government departments for urgent work of national importance such as responding to emergencies, maintaining supplies and essential services.”
When assisting as part of a MACA request, the military will likely be in a new environment, surrounded by members of the public, transportation, etc. They will have to expect the unexpected. If they need to operate a counter-drone system, they will not be able to risk using a kinetic solution for fear of causing collateral damage. Jamming can also be suboptimal, due to disruption of surrounding communications systems.
Additionally, as part of MACA there is a good chance military and personnel will require operational flexibility while helping to counter the rogue drone threat. If deployed to guard a large parade or political gathering, for instance, military personnel may need to quickly switch between deployment options: maybe from a vehicular mobile counter-drone deployment to ground-level tactical, or even high-level stationary.
The ideal counter-drone solution should offer the ability to speedily move between deployment options anywhere at any time.
Interested in learning more about counter-drone best practices for military and special forces? Click here.
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